{"study":{"slug":"closest-major-city-pairs","title":"The Closest Major-City Pairs in the MapBench Dataset","date":"2026-10-14"},"headers":["rank","city_a","country_a","city_b","country_b","distance_km"],"rows":[[1,"Manila","Philippines","Quezon City","Philippines",11],[2,"Tokyo","Japan","Yokohama","Japan",26],[3,"Shenzhen","China","Hong Kong","China (SAR)",27],[4,"Brussels","Belgium","Antwerp","Belgium",41],[5,"Tel Aviv","Israel","Jerusalem","Israel",54],[6,"Amsterdam","Netherlands","Rotterdam","Netherlands",57],[7,"Amman","Jordan","Jerusalem","Israel",70],[8,"Rotterdam","Netherlands","Antwerp","Belgium",79],[9,"Casablanca","Morocco","Rabat","Morocco",85],[10,"Zurich","Switzerland","Bern","Switzerland",95],[11,"Guangzhou","China","Shenzhen","China",104],[12,"Mexico City","Mexico","Puebla","Mexico",107],[13,"Amman","Jordan","Tel Aviv","Israel",109],[14,"Lyon","France","Geneva","Switzerland",112],[15,"Manchester","United Kingdom","Birmingham","United Kingdom",113],[16,"San Antonio","United States","Austin","United States",118],[17,"Rotterdam","Netherlands","Brussels","Belgium",120],[18,"Mumbai","India","Pune","India",120],[19,"Dubai","United Arab Emirates","Abu Dhabi","United Arab Emirates",123],[20,"Milan","Italy","Turin","Italy",126],[21,"Guangzhou","China","Hong Kong","China (SAR)",129],[22,"Geneva","Switzerland","Bern","Switzerland",130],[23,"New York","United States","Philadelphia","United States",130],[24,"Amsterdam","Netherlands","Antwerp","Belgium",132],[25,"Osaka","Japan","Nagoya","Japan",139],[26,"Cologne","Germany","Frankfurt","Germany",153],[27,"London","United Kingdom","Birmingham","United Kingdom",162],[28,"Shanghai","China","Hangzhou","China",165],[29,"Montreal","Canada","Ottawa","Canada",166],[30,"Amsterdam","Netherlands","Brussels","Belgium",173],[31,"Turin","Italy","Geneva","Switzerland",174],[32,"Los Angeles","United States","San Diego","United States",179],[33,"Cairo","Egypt","Alexandria","Egypt",180],[34,"Cologne","Germany","Antwerp","Belgium",181],[35,"Cologne","Germany","Brussels","Belgium",183],[36,"Rome","Italy","Naples","Italy",188],[37,"Seattle","United States","Vancouver","Canada",195],[38,"Philadelphia","United States","Washington DC","United States",198],[39,"Ho Chi Minh City","Vietnam","Phnom Penh","Cambodia",203],[40,"Cologne","Germany","Rotterdam","Netherlands",204],[41,"Buenos Aires","Argentina","Montevideo","Uruguay",205],[42,"Turin","Italy","Bern","Switzerland",210],[43,"Beirut","Lebanon","Tel Aviv","Israel",212],[44,"Milan","Italy","Bern","Switzerland",213],[45,"Cologne","Germany","Amsterdam","Netherlands",213],[46,"Vienna","Austria","Budapest","Hungary",214],[47,"Milan","Italy","Zurich","Switzerland",218],[48,"Amman","Jordan","Beirut","Lebanon",220],[49,"Zurich","Switzerland","Geneva","Switzerland",224],[50,"Gothenburg","Sweden","Copenhagen","Denmark",229],[51,"Seattle","United States","Portland","United States",234],[52,"Houston","United States","Austin","United States",235],[53,"Lyon","France","Turin","Italy",236],[54,"Beirut","Lebanon","Jerusalem","Israel",238],[55,"Bogotá","Colombia","Medellín","Colombia",239],[56,"Lyon","France","Bern","Switzerland",240],[57,"Munich","Germany","Zurich","Switzerland",242],[58,"Yokohama","Japan","Nagoya","Japan",250],[59,"Milan","Italy","Geneva","Switzerland",250],[60,"Kolkata","India","Dhaka","Bangladesh",251],[61,"Vienna","Austria","Prague","Czechia",251],[62,"Warsaw","Poland","Kraków","Poland",252],[63,"Toulouse","France","Barcelona","Spain",254],[64,"Tokyo","Japan","Nagoya","Japan",255],[65,"Gothenburg","Sweden","Oslo","Norway",255],[66,"Berlin","Germany","Hamburg","Germany",255],[67,"London","United Kingdom","Manchester","United Kingdom",262],[68,"Paris","France","Brussels","Belgium",264],[69,"Turin","Italy","Zurich","Switzerland",265],[70,"Manchester","United Kingdom","Dublin","Ireland",267],[71,"Lahore","Pakistan","Islamabad","Pakistan",270],[72,"Marseille","France","Turin","Italy",270],[73,"Lisbon","Portugal","Porto","Portugal",274],[74,"Marseille","France","Lyon","France",278],[75,"Buenos Aires","Argentina","Rosario","Argentina",279],[76,"Calgary","Canada","Edmonton","Canada",281],[77,"Berlin","Germany","Prague","Czechia",281],[78,"Hamburg","Germany","Copenhagen","Denmark",289],[79,"Bengaluru","India","Chennai","India",290],[80,"Kraków","Poland","Budapest","Hungary",293],[81,"Dallas","United States","Austin","United States",293],[82,"Manchester","United Kingdom","Glasgow","United Kingdom",295],[83,"Bucharest","Romania","Sofia","Bulgaria",295],[84,"Munich","Germany","Prague","Czechia",300],[85,"Paris","France","Antwerp","Belgium",301],[86,"Abu Dhabi","United Arab Emirates","Doha","Qatar",302],[87,"Chengdu","China","Chongqing","China",302],[88,"Helsinki","Finland","Saint Petersburg","Russia",302],[89,"Madrid","Spain","Valencia","Spain",303],[90,"Barcelona","Spain","Valencia","Spain",303],[91,"Frankfurt","Germany","Zurich","Switzerland",304],[92,"Houston","United States","San Antonio","United States",304],[93,"Munich","Germany","Frankfurt","Germany",305],[94,"New York","United States","Boston","United States",306],[95,"Glasgow","United Kingdom","Dublin","Ireland",308],[96,"Birmingham","United Kingdom","Dublin","Ireland",308],[97,"Kuala Lumpur","Malaysia","Singapore","Singapore",309],[98,"Seville","Spain","Lisbon","Portugal",313],[99,"London","United Kingdom","Antwerp","Belgium",316],[100,"Frankfurt","Germany","Brussels","Belgium",317]]}